In terms of the grinding wheel:

Reasonably select the grit size: The coarseness or fineness of the grinding wheel grit directly affects the surface roughness. A smaller grit number means coarser abrasive grains, which is suitable for rough grinding; a larger grit number means finer abrasive grains, and using it for finish grinding can obtain better surface quality. For example, a grinding wheel with grit number 36 - 60 can be selected for rough grinding, and a grinding wheel with grit number 80 - 120 can be selected for finish grinding.

Dress the grinding wheel in a timely manner: After the grinding wheel has been in operation for a certain period, the abrasive grains will become dull, and the geometric shape of the working surface will also be distorted, thus affecting the surface roughness. Use tools such as a diamond pen to dress the grinding wheel, so that sharp new abrasive grains are exposed on the surface of the grinding wheel. For example, dress the grinding wheel once after grinding a certain number of workpieces.

Select the appropriate hardness: The hardness of the grinding wheel refers to the ease with which the abrasive grains fall off from the surface of the grinding wheel under the action of the grinding force. If the grinding wheel is too hard, the worn abrasive grains are not easy to fall off, which will cause scratches on the surface of the workpiece; if it is too soft, the abrasive grains will fall off too quickly, resulting in difficulty in maintaining the shape of the grinding wheel. Select a grinding wheel with an appropriate hardness according to the workpiece material and grinding requirements. For example, use a softer grinding wheel when grinding hard materials, and use a harder grinding wheel when grinding soft materials.

In terms of grinding parameters:

Optimize the grinding speed: Increasing the grinding speed can increase the number of abrasive grains participating in cutting per unit time, and make the cutting thickness thinner, thereby reducing the surface roughness. However, if the speed is too high, grinding heat may be generated, which will burn the surface of the workpiece. For example, when grinding ordinary steel, the grinding speed can be controlled at 30 - 35m/s.

Adjust the feed rate: If the longitudinal feed rate and the cross feed rate are too large, deeper cutting marks will be left on the surface of the workpiece, resulting in a worse surface roughness. Appropriately reducing the feed rate can effectively improve the surface quality. However, if the feed rate is too small, the machining efficiency will be reduced, so it should be adjusted according to the actual situation.

Control the grinding depth: If the grinding depth is too large, the grinding force and grinding heat will increase, which is likely to cause the surface of the workpiece to be burned and the roughness to increase. On the premise of ensuring the machining efficiency, try to reduce the grinding depth and adopt the method of multiple grinding passes to gradually achieve the required dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

In terms of the process system:

Improve the accuracy of the machine tool: The accuracy of the machine tool, such as the rotational accuracy of the spindle and the straightness of the guide rails, will directly affect the quality of the ground surface. Regularly maintain and service the machine tool, check and adjust the accuracy of the machine tool to ensure that the machine tool is in good working condition.

Ensure the firm clamping of the workpiece: If the workpiece is not firmly clamped, vibration will occur during the grinding process, resulting in a worse surface roughness. According to the shape and size of the workpiece, select an appropriate clamping method, such as clamping the workpiece with a chuck, center, fixture, etc., and ensure that the clamping force is moderate to avoid workpiece deformation.

In terms of the grinding fluid:

Reasonably select the grinding fluid: Different workpiece materials and grinding processes require the selection of different types of grinding fluids. For example, when grinding ordinary steel, an emulsion can be selected; when grinding high-strength alloy steel, selecting an extreme pressure emulsion or a synthetic cutting fluid can better reduce the surface roughness.

Ensure sufficient supply: The flow rate and pressure of the grinding fluid should be sufficient to ensure that it can fully play the roles of cooling, lubrication and cleaning. Clean up the impurities and grinding swarf in the grinding fluid in a timely manner to prevent them from scratching the surface of the workpiece.